This is a detailed summary of military and political developments in Syria since the start of the Russian military operation until now. (2015-2018)

IRAQ, Nov 22: A shepherd heard the gunshots and the screaming. As Islamic State fighters executed at least 60 people at a remote military base in northern Iraq one day last year, he cowered in his home nearby, terrified. When it was safe to go out, he found piles of bodies; many of them he recognized as his neighbors. He buried them himself.